{"id":5129,"date":"2020-07-24T11:58:07","date_gmt":"2020-07-24T08:58:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.limonhost.net\/makaleler\/?p=5129"},"modified":"2021-02-12T23:01:18","modified_gmt":"2021-02-12T20:01:18","slug":"smtp-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.limonhost.net\/makaleler\/nedir\/smtp-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"SMTP Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcn internet \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm ileti\u015fim SMTP gibi protokoller sayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. \u00d6zel a\u011f yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131, kurallar\u0131 ve rehberleri sayesinde bir bilgisayar herhangi bir yerdeki a\u011fa ba\u011flanarak oradan al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yapma, haber okuma, e-posta g\u00f6nderme ve daha bir\u00e7ok i\u015flem m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. A\u011f aktivitesi i\u00e7in protokoller vazge\u00e7ilmezdir ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n herhangi bir \u015fekilde bu protokoller u\u011fra\u015fmas\u0131na gerek yoktur. K\u0131saca SMTP olarak bilinen Simple Mail Transfer Protocol de bu protokollerden bir tanesidir. TCP\/IP protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulama katman\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan SMTP \u201cstore and forward\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir i\u015flem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir ve e-posta g\u00f6ndermeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu protokol e-postay\u0131 do\u011fru bilgisayara ve gelen kutusuna g\u00f6nderebilmek i\u00e7in Mail Transfer Agent\u2019a ihtiya\u00e7 duyar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

SMTP Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/span><\/h2>\n

SMTP, e-mail sunucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda e-mail ileti\u015fimini basitle\u015ftiren kod serileri sunmaktad\u0131r. Mesaj b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ve kategorilere ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve bu sayede sunucu taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131labilmektedir. Mail g\u00f6nderildi\u011finde ilk olarak mail metin dizisine \u00e7evrilmektedir ve bu diziler her bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bir amaca hizmet etmektedir. SMTP bu kodlar\u0131 sa\u011flar ve e-mail sunucusunun yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 bu dizileri anlayacak \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. E-mail varaca\u011f\u0131 sunucuya kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli sunuculara u\u011frar ve bu sunucular\u0131n her birinin kendi MTA arac\u0131lar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Buradan bir di\u011ferine iletilir ve bu y\u00fczden SMTP\u2019ye \u201cstore and forward\u201d i\u015flemi ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Son olarak ise g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi sunucuya iletilir. SMTP sadece mail g\u00f6nderiminde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Gelen mailin kabul edilmesinde ise IMAP protokol\u00fc kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. SMTP\u2019nin ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi SMTP ile sadece metin g\u00f6nderilmektedir. Font, g\u00f6rsel ve di\u011fer mail ekleri i\u015flenmemektedir. Bunun i\u00e7in Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. MIME metin olmayan t\u00fcm i\u00e7eri\u011fi d\u00fcz metine \u00e7evirir ve SMTP bu \u015fekilde maili g\u00f6ndermektedir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"smtp<\/p>\n

SMTP Sunucu Modeli<\/span><\/h2>\n

SMTP sunucular\u0131 u\u00e7tan uca ve store and forward olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. U\u00e7tan uca ileti\u015fim y\u00f6ntemi farkl\u0131 organizasyonlar aras\u0131nda ileti\u015fim ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011finde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Store and forward ise organizasyon i\u00e7i ileti\u015fimlerde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Mail g\u00f6ndermek isteyen SMTP istemcisi, g\u00f6nderilecek olam SMTP ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7mektedir ve sunucu mail g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi sunucuya ula\u015fana kadar bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 saklamaktad\u0131r. \u0130stemci oturumu ba\u015flat\u0131r ve SMTP sunucusu oturum iste\u011fine cevap verir. Sunucu daha sonra mailin al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan SMTP sunucusuna oturum iste\u011fi g\u00f6nderir ve al\u0131c\u0131 sunucuda bu iste\u011fe cevap verir. Her ne kadar bu i\u015flemler uzun s\u00fcr\u00fcyormu\u015f gibi gelse de asl\u0131nda mail g\u00f6nderme i\u015flemi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde saniyeler s\u00fcrmektedir ve t\u00fcm bu i\u015flemler arkaplanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

SMTP Portu Se\u00e7mek<\/span><\/h2>\n

SMTP portu se\u00e7mek bazen zorlu bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olabilmektedir. SMTP i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 portlar bulunmaktad\u0131r ve en iyisini se\u00e7erken dikkat edilmesi gereken baz\u0131 \u015feyler bulunmaktad\u0131r. 1982 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda USC\/Information Sciences Institute mail ileti\u015fimi i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan iletim kanal\u0131n\u0131n port 25 olmas\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye etmi\u015ftir ve o zamandan beri varsay\u0131lan olarak bu port kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra port 465, port 587, port 2525 gibi portlar da s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Port 25<\/span><\/h3>\n

Port 25 mail i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan en eski porttur. G\u00fcney California \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerildikten sonra SMTP\u2019nin varsay\u0131lan ileti\u015fim portu haline gelmi\u015ftir. Ancak son y\u0131llarda internet servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve hosting sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n port 25 \u00fczerindeki SMTP ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck nedeni ise spam mail g\u00f6nderiminin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mektir. Her servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in sa\u011fl\u0131k ya da g\u00fcnl\u00fck olmak \u00fczere bir mail g\u00f6nderim k\u0131s\u0131t\u0131 koymaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle port 25 yerine alternatif portlar mail i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Port 465<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0130nternet servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle port 465 \u00fczerinden ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kabul etmemektedir. Ayr\u0131ca port 465, \u0130nternet M\u00fchendisli\u011fi G\u00f6rev Grubu taraf\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 bir zaman SMTP i\u00e7in ileti\u015fim kanal\u0131 olarak resmen kabul edilmemi\u015ftir ancak IANA, port 465\u2019i SMTP portu olarak kaydetmi\u015ftir. Bu port SMTP \u00fczerinde \u015fifreleme ve yetkilendirme i\u00e7in SMTPS olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve e-mail g\u00f6nderimini g\u00fcvenli hale getirmek i\u00e7in Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) kullanmaktad\u0131r. SSK internet \u00fczerinden ileti\u015fimlerin \u015fifreli hale getirilmesi i\u00e7in s\u0131k\u00e7a tercih edilmektedir. 1998 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonunda IANA bu port numaras\u0131n\u0131 yeni bir servise atam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bir\u00e7ok servis hala daha port 465 \u00fczerinden SMTP aray\u00fcz\u00fcne izin vermektedir. Servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 port 465\u2019i a\u00e7\u0131k tutmaktad\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc STARTTLS desteklemeyen eski Microsoft uygulamalar\u0131 bu portu kullanmaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar 465 tercih edilse de tavsiye edilmemektedir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc SMTP i\u00e7in standart olarak kabul edilmemektedir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"smtp<\/p>\n

Port 587<\/span><\/h3>\n

1998 internet e-mail ileti\u015fimi i\u00e7in yeni bir port tara \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir. Bunun amac\u0131 ise geleneksel mesaj bildirimi ve iletimini ay\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle port 587 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yeni politika ve g\u00fcvenlik gereklilikleri nedeniyle geleneksel mesaj iletim portu olan port 25 ile \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmamaktad\u0131r. Port 587 pop\u00fcler bir \u015fekilde varsay\u0131lan SMTP portu olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Neredeyse t\u00fcm mail sunucular\u0131 bu portu desteklemektedir. Her ne kadar port 587 desteklense de bazen mail bildirimleri i\u00e7in kapal\u0131 olabilmektedir. Bunun i\u00e7in hosting sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan admin giri\u015fi ile kontrol edilmektedir. Bu port TLS \u015fifrelemesine sahiptir ve \u0130nternet M\u00fchendisli\u011fi G\u00f6rev Grubu taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmi\u015f olan kurallara uymaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Port 2525<\/span><\/h3>\n

Hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn internet servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 port 2525\u2019in kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 desteklemektedir. Bu port IETF ya da IANA taraf\u0131ndan Resmi olarak bir SMTP portu olarak \u00f6nerilmemektedir ancak port 587\u2019nin alternatifi olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer t\u00fcm portlar engellendi\u011finde 2525 kullan\u0131labilmektedir. Port 587 \u00fczerinden ba\u011flant\u0131 problemleri ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda port 2525 bu problemlerin \u00fcstesinden gelebilmektedir. Al\u0131\u015f\u0131lagelmi\u015fin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda y\u00fcksek say\u0131l\u0131 port olmas\u0131 nedeniyle internet servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve cloud hosting sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca port 2525 TLS \u015fifreleme deste\u011fine de sahiptir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcn internet \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm ileti\u015fim SMTP gibi protokoller sayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. \u00d6zel a\u011f yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131, kurallar\u0131 ve rehberleri sayesinde bir bilgisayar herhangi bir yerdeki a\u011fa ba\u011flanarak oradan al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yapma, haber okuma, e-posta g\u00f6nderme ve daha bir\u00e7ok i\u015flem m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. A\u011f aktivitesi i\u00e7in protokoller vazge\u00e7ilmezdir ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n herhangi bir \u015fekilde bu protokoller u\u011fra\u015fmas\u0131na gerek yoktur. K\u0131saca SMTP […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":5131,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSMTP Nedir? | LimonHost<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SMTP Nedir?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.limonhost.net\/makaleler\/nedir\/smtp-nedir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SMTP Nedir?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SMTP Nedir?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.limonhost.net\/makaleler\/nedir\/smtp-nedir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Makaleler | LIMONHOST\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/tr-tr.facebook.com\/limonhosting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-07-24T08:58:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-02-12T20:01:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cdn2.limonhost.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/smtp.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"770\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"540\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Berna Poyraz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@limonhost\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@limonhost\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Berna Poyraz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.limonhost.net\/makaleler\/nedir\/smtp-nedir\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.limonhost.net\/makaleler\/nedir\/smtp-nedir\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Berna Poyraz\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.limonhost.net\/makaleler\/#\/schema\/person\/f4efbc1c6a5a1657455210350c3c8c68\"},\"headline\":\"SMTP Nedir?\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-24T08:58:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-02-12T20:01:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.limonhost.net\/makaleler\/nedir\/smtp-nedir\/\"},\"wordCount\":1082,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.limonhost.net\/makaleler\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Nedir\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.limonhost.net\/makaleler\/nedir\/smtp-nedir\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.limonhost.net\/makaleler\/nedir\/smtp-nedir\/\",\"name\":\"SMTP Nedir? 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