{"id":9084,"date":"2021-09-30T10:46:03","date_gmt":"2021-09-30T07:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.limonhost.net\/makaleler\/?p=9084"},"modified":"2021-12-08T15:56:52","modified_gmt":"2021-12-08T12:56:52","slug":"cpu-nedir-cpu-ne-ise-yarar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.limonhost.net\/makaleler\/genel\/cpu-nedir-cpu-ne-ise-yarar\/","title":{"rendered":"CPU Nedir? CPU Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?"},"content":{"rendered":"

CPU Nedir?<\/h2>\n

CPU, elektronik cihazlar\u0131n beyni olarak kabul edilen ve t\u00fcm i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Central Processing Unit” yani merkezi i\u015flem birimidir. Temel g\u00f6revi di\u011fer bile\u015fenlerin neler yapacaklar\u0131na dair karar ve haber vermektir. \u0130\u015flemci ismi de verilir.<\/p>\n

Bilgisayarlar, ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar, televizyonlar, hesap makinalar\u0131, ak\u0131ll\u0131 saatler, hatta elektronik ev e\u015fyalar\u0131na kadar belirli komutlar\u0131 i\u015fleyen, \u00e7e\u015fitli yorum ve i\u015flem \u00f6zellikleri olan,\u00a0 elektronik fonksiyonlara sahip t\u00fcm cihazlar bir i\u015flemciye sahiptir.<\/p>\n

CPU, cihaz\u0131n yapabilece\u011fi i\u015flemleri tamamlayabilmesi i\u00e7in bir dizi komut par\u00e7as\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Bu komut par\u00e7alar\u0131na g\u00f6re CPU, ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu sistem par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 veriler ve komutlar sayesinde i\u015flemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

CPU kavram\u0131 tarihte ilk kez \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck makinalar (hardware) ve makina i\u00e7erisindeki par\u00e7alar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan metal par\u00e7alar (software) e\u015fli\u011finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sistemlerdir. K\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ve \u00e7er\u00e7evesi belli i\u015flemler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel \u00fcretilen ve olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck cihazlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise mikroi\u015flemci ad\u0131 verilen olduk\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck CPU’lar kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Mikroi\u015flemciler \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alanda milyonlarca transist\u00f6r bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r ve i\u015flemlerin eskisine g\u00f6re \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131nda tamamlanas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Mikroi\u015flemciler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcketimi, boyut, g\u00fcvenilirlik ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gecikme s\u00fcreleri sayesinde 1970’lerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar CPU ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan mimaridir.<\/p>\n

CPU Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

CPU cihazlar\u0131n beynidir. Cihaz\u0131n yapabildi\u011fi t\u00fcm fonksiyonlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi temel g\u00f6revidir. Cihaz \u00fczerindeki di\u011fer par\u00e7alardan gelen veri ve komutlar\u0131 derleyerek, cihaz\u0131n motor, ekran, panel gibi par\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 verir. Bu sayede kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z cihazlar \u00fczerinde hakimiyet sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f oluruz.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve donan\u0131m aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 kontrol edip t\u00fcm donan\u0131m\u0131 y\u00f6neten birim olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu sayede cihazlar, fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirir. Cihaz\u0131n i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm data ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 CPU taraf\u0131ndan takip edilir. CPU, \u00fczerindeki aritmetik kodlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla cihaz\u0131n fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CPU Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

Bilgisayarlar, makine dili ismi verilen ve temelde 1-0 Binary ikilisinden olu\u015fan komut kombinasyonuyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.\u00a0 B\u00fct\u00fcn kombinasyonlar 1 ve 0’dan olu\u015fturulan dizilerle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Devrede bir sinyal varsa 1, devrede bir sinyal yoksa bu 0 olarak kabul edilir. CPU’lar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm elektronik cihazlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi 1 ve 0’lara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015flemciler bu sistem sayesinde belirli komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u00dcstelik bu komutlar\u0131 bir bekleme s\u0131ras\u0131na al\u0131r ve s\u0131rayla hepsine yan\u0131t verir. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi sayesinde ayn\u0131 anda birden \u00e7ok i\u015fi yapabilmeyi sa\u011flar. Bilgisayarlardaki CPU y\u00f6netim sistemleri sayesinde, bekleyen i\u015flemler uygun i\u015flemci \u00e7ekirdekleri aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sebeple \u00e7ok \u00e7ekirdekli i\u015flemcilerin i\u015flemleri tamamlama h\u0131zlar\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Merkezi i\u015flem birimleri temelde 4 evreden olu\u015fan bir komut serisi ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Getirme (Fetch)<\/h3>\n

Bu evrede program belle\u011finden komut al\u0131n\u0131r. Bellek \u00fczerinde tutulan komut par\u00e7as\u0131, cpu taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flem yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Modern anakart ve i\u015flemcilerde bellek-cpu aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel mimariler geli\u015ftirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Kod \u00c7\u00f6zme (Decode)<\/h3>\n

Bellek \u00fczerinden CPU’ya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lan komut, CPU’nun ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Bu kod \u00e7\u00f6zme evresidir. Komut CPU i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6nem oran\u0131na g\u00f6re par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eski teknolojide bu i\u015flem tamamen CPU’ya b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki yakla\u015f\u0131mda ise CPU’ya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan mikroprogramlar bulunur. Bu programlar i\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131raya dizmek i\u00e7in gereken s\u00fcreyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr ve i\u015flemlerin daha h\u0131zl\u0131 g\u00f6reve al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Hatta baz\u0131 durumlarda CPU’ya i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilen kod par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 geri \u00e7ekilip, \u00fczerinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131p yeniden g\u00f6nderilebilir. Kod \u00e7\u00f6zme evresi CPU’daki i\u015flem ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden biridir ve buradaki kapasite, CPU i\u015flem g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frudan etkiler.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcr\u00fctme (Execute)<\/h3>\n

Bu ad\u0131mda, istenen i\u015fin ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in CPU \u00fczerindeki komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. CPU’nun t\u00fcm birimleri burada birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130\u015flemcinin Aritmetik ve Mant\u0131k Birimi , gelen kodlar \u00fczerinde i\u015flemlerini tamamlayarak geri yazma birimine g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n

Geri Yazma (Writeback)<\/h3>\n

Y\u00fcr\u00fctme evresindeki sonucun, bellek \u00fczerine geri yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 evredir. Bu sonu\u00e7la CPU i\u00e7erisindeki i\u00e7 yazma alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeniden bellek mod\u00fcl\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n

CPU \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken gelen komutun i\u015flenmesi ad\u0131na bir komut \u00fczerinden Y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve Geri Yazma ad\u0131mlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak tekrarlan\u0131r. Geli\u015fmi\u015f CPU birimlerinde bu evrede ayn\u0131 anda birden \u00e7ok i\u015flem tek seferde yap\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n

CPU’nun web hosting<\/a> sistemlerinde de \u00f6nemli bir yeri vard\u0131r. Web sitenizin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131 do\u011frudan etkileyecektir. Sunucu<\/a> kiralad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z durumlarda da h\u0131z konusunda belirleyici fakt\u00f6r CPU olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer WordPress siteniz yava\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, bunun sebebi y\u00fcksek CPU kullan\u0131m\u0131 olabilir. Y\u00fcksek CPU kullan\u0131m\u0131 nas\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr<\/a> makalemizden bu konuda faydalanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

CPU \u00c7e\u015fitleri Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n

CPU’lar yap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 tiplerde \u00fcretilebilir. Slot ve Soket olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Slot Tipi \u0130\u015flemci<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Slot i\u015flemciler bir elektronik devre \u00fczerine lehimlenmi\u015f merkezi i\u015flemci birimi ve bu birimin anakarta ba\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131ndan olu\u015fan i\u015flemci t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130\u015flemci do\u011frudan anakarta ba\u011flanmak yerine, bir devre vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ba\u011flan\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde pek kullan\u0131lm\u0131yor olsa da ge\u00e7mi\u015fte tercih edilen bir i\u015flemci tipiydi.<\/p>\n

Soket Tipi \u0130\u015flemci<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kare \u015feklinde \u00fcretilmi\u015f olan CPU modelidir. \u0130\u015flemcinin \u00fcst taraf\u0131nda koruyucu ve marka\/model bilgilerini g\u00f6steren metal bir par\u00e7a bulunur. Bu metal par\u00e7a ayn\u0131 zamanda so\u011futma taraf\u0131nda da fayda sa\u011flar. \u0130\u015flemcinin alt taraf\u0131nda ise, \u00fcretim modeline g\u00f6re pinler ya da ileti\u015fim noktalar\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n

CPU, anakarttaki uygun yerine tak\u0131l\u0131p kilitlendikten sonra ileti\u015fim noktalar\u0131 ya da pinler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131 kurar. Birden fazla soket tipi oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 anakart ve i\u015flemcinin ayn\u0131 soket tipini kullanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

CPU \u00dcst\u00fcnde Neden Fan Bulunur?<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015flemciler, asl\u0131nda birbirlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 transist\u00f6rlerden olu\u015ftur. Transist\u00f6rler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck voltajlarda elektrik\u00a0 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u00dczerinden elektrik ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve i\u015flem yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli olarak \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. Daha y\u00fcksek voltajla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015flemcilerde, \u0131s\u0131 daha da y\u00fckselir.<\/p>\n

Is\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi, CPU i\u00e7erisindeki ileti\u015fimin bozulmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. CPU frekans\u0131 \u0131s\u0131dan etkilenir. Bu sebeple etkin bir \u015fekilde so\u011futulmas\u0131 gerekir. CPU \u00fcst\u00fcnde fan bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, i\u015flemciyi kararl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fi \u0131s\u0131da\u00a0 tutabilmektedir. Bir fan olmamas\u0131 ya da sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 halinde bilgisayar s\u0131k s\u0131k kilitlenecek ya da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemlerde tak\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda ise art\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz hale gelir bildi\u011fimiz tabirle yanar.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde fanlar \u00e7ok kullan\u0131l\u0131yor olsa da s\u0131v\u0131 so\u011futma se\u00e7enekleri de bulunur.<\/p>\n

CPU-Z Nedir?<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

CPU-Z, bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zdaki anakart, ram, i\u015flemci gibi ekipmanlar hakk\u0131nda model, marka ve di\u011fer bir \u00e7ok veriyi \u00f6\u011frenebilece\u011finiz bir bilgisayar program\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikleri g\u00f6stermesi yan\u0131nda CPU BenchMark yapabilmenizi de sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CPU Nedir? CPU, elektronik cihazlar\u0131n beyni olarak kabul edilen ve t\u00fcm i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Central Processing Unit” yani merkezi i\u015flem birimidir. Temel g\u00f6revi di\u011fer bile\u015fenlerin neler yapacaklar\u0131na dair karar ve haber vermektir. \u0130\u015flemci ismi de verilir. Bilgisayarlar, ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar, televizyonlar, hesap makinalar\u0131, ak\u0131ll\u0131 saatler, hatta elektronik ev e\u015fyalar\u0131na kadar belirli komutlar\u0131 i\u015fleyen, \u00e7e\u015fitli yorum ve i\u015flem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9135,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCPU Nedir? 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